[5] Zpvaka Sinad O'Connor byla lenkou skupiny Ton Ton Macoute. Back in its day, when blues-based music was still a crowded field, the album Jenkins cut Gilded Splinters for, Ton-Ton Macoute!, got lost in the shuffle. . The name Tonton Macoute originated from the official language of Haiti Creole. Haitians . This scary legend is seen throughout the world, in areas from Egypt to Haiti to China and Afghanistan. He was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame six years later. Midnight Rider's last goodbye: The story of Gregg Allman's Muscle Shoals album. Po pdu Duvalierovy dynastie v roce 1986 byly jednotky oficiln rozputny, mnoz jejich bojovnci se vak zapojili do nsledujc obansk vlky. "Uncle Gunnysack." A bogeyman of Haitian Creole folklore. Because of this, the Tonton Macoutes were selectively picked to exhibit strong feelings of loyalty, not for the nation or its people, but for the Duvalier family and all it did. 6055 W 130th St Parma, OH 44130 | 216.362.0786 | icc@iccleveland.org. No god is complete without a collection of disciples, so Papa Doc hired himself a hit squad. Please use the links below for donations: That was why he had to kill an Unkindness: "Every believer should eat forbidden fruit at least once in their lives.". These children were carried away in his gunnysack, never to be seen again. What's the point? Only time will tell the real reason for his return. The name was later applied to the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, the paramilitary force of Franois . In English that translates to Uncle Gunnysack. The Tonton Macoutes, also known as MVSN, or National Security Volunteers, were a Haitian secret police force that was created in 1959. . Or by day, lynching their burned bodies, leaving them to molder away under the hot sun. Ton-Ton Macoute! was Sandlins first production for Macon, Ga.-based Capricorn, which had lifted off with the Allmans 1969 self-titled bow. A sweet name for a horrible militia. What I'm wondering is why the article presents it as given that santa visits anyone? Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your California Privacy Rights (User Agreement updated 1/1/21. The court of assize immediately sentenced Desyr to death. : MySpace : In fact, I find the whole idea of bogeymen being used to maintain social order utterly fascinating. Our first album will be re-released this year through GRV discos, as part of the project i-Raridades. [6] I do not want to get into a revert war, so I will not revert until we have resolved it on this page. Consider the following (also courtesy of Wikipedia): A bogeyman (also spelled bogieman, or boogeyman) is a mythical creature in many cultures used by adults to frighten children into compliant behaviour. was originally intended as a Duane Allman solo album, before Allman departed to form The Allman Brothers. . Download Unionpedia on your Android device! To counteract this threat, he created a military force that bore several names. In Haitian Creole mythology, Tonton Macoutes was a bogeyman who kidnapped errant children in the night and stored them in his knapsack. Ten na to reagoval tm, e se obklopil vrnmi ernmi venkovany, kte zahjili brutln represe proti vem, kdo se jim nezdli dostaten loajln. Two timeshipswere offered into the eyewall of the cyclone. This is the advice provided in Wikipedia:Staying cool when the editing gets hot: You have responded accusing me of behaving as though Wikipedia is only for me. There is no reason to have that circular link here. In Haiti, the Tonton Macoute ( Haitian Creole: Uncle Gunnysack) is a giant, and a counterpart of Father Christmas, renowned for abducting bad children by putting them in his knapsack. The group consisted of bassist and guitarsit Chris Gavin, saxist/flautist and vocalist Dave Knowles, keyboardist and vocalist Paul French, and drummer Nigel Reveler. Who were the the MVSN (Milice Volontaire de la Scurit Nationale) and how did it affect the state of Haiti during its reign of terror and even today through the continuation of its legacy via subsequent groups? The album title Ton-Ton Macoute! is derived from a Haitian Creole phrase for boogeyman, tonton macoutes, also repurposed for a notorious Haiti could have done well without Duvalier 1 and 2, this time we cant let #3 happen. Cdg Converse Japan, And that's just fine for Tonton Macoute, bad kids that stop believing in him are his favorite. .) until a searing guitar enters which suggests they might have easily gone in a tougher prog-rock direction. Ton-Ton Macoute! Ton-Ton Macoute was also the name of Haitian President Papa Doc Duvalier's secret police force, which was credited with widespread human rights violations. Tonton Macoute a member of a notoriously brutal militia formed by President Franois Duvalier of Haiti, active from 1961-86. Thanks. Tonton Macoute wasthe name of a boogeyman (a folkloric word for a demon creature that goes from kids to kids house's and scares them.) It's no surprise it's been recycled not just for Beck's breakthrough but other songs too - for example, the drum loop on Britrock kings Oasis' 2000 song "Go Let It Out.". [3][4], Spisovatel Graham Greene popsal teroristick praktiky Tonton Macoutes v romnu Komedianti. Menu. He stowed them away in his gunnysack, never to be seen again. . [1] Pslunci jednotek nosili ern brle, slamn klobouky a byli ozbrojeni maetami. Loudermilk's "Bad News". even though have endured many natural and political disasters in the very recent past, we have always prevailed by the spirit of the simple citizens like my father and your fathers. TONTON MACOUTE Crowdfunding Campaign Video for Feature-Length Horror Movie 257 views 3 years ago A group of teenagers decides to misbehave and ignore the warnings about the Haitian. None of the statements have any citations, and the citations we need have to speak specifically to the Tonton Macoute, not just some "secret police". Cousin Andraiz came to see Macoute one Christmas. What constitutes a suitable citation? Read more The Tonton Macoutes cut out the hearts, eyes and lungs of opponents with machetes, while Papa Doc, who stole almost a billion pounds in foreign aid, insisted that every television and radio . But I hear he does holiday in Tahiti. We (4 million Haitians)we forcefully exiledliving abroad due to the policies his government brutally enforced. Tonton Macoute [1] utgjorde presidentens privatmilis (eller "ddsskvadroner") p Haiti.Den upprttades 1959 av Franois Duvalier "Papa Doc", tv r efter att han intagit presidentposten.Namnet kom av ett namn inom vodoo fr liemannen.Sedan sonen Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby Doc" vertagit presidentposten efter faderns dd 1971 fick privatmilisen den officiella benmningen Milice de . Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. His presence is distracting us from the much needed progress to re-polish La Perle des Antilles. Cultures as diverse as Haitians (Tonton Macoute, or Uncle Gunnysack), Italians (luomo del sacco, the man with the bag), Vietnamese (Mister Three-bags), and others the world over de Here is an excerpt from the press conference. Knowles' Dreams is pretty lame (dreams are like clouds . Appearances: In 1959, his paramilitary force was called the Cagoulards ("Hooded Men"). Also, the rampant killings caused much of the nations educated citizens to flee the country, depriving Haiti of the material to rebuild a just and operable society. Instead it seems that he is accusing the Haitian population of retaliating against his oppressive regime. A previous version of this story mistakenly stated Ton-Ton Macoute! was recorded at Sheffields Muscle Shoals Sound. Velsk hudebnk a skladatel John Cale napsal pse Ton Ton Macoute (1976). Their son, Michael, was eight when they moved to Haiti, spoke flawless Creole and played with Jean-Claude Duvalier, now the. The "Tonton Macoutes": Legacy and Transformation. reMo'ConsciousThought Criminal: Journal of a Serial Thinker 2005 REMO CONSCIOUSReleased on. He walked the streets at night, looking for children who stayed out too late. Islamic Center of Cleveland is a non-profit organization. Web Design : https://iccleveland.org/wp-content/themes/icc/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg. Recording Engineer: Johnny Sandlin, Tom Compton, Larry Hall, Larry Hamby, Jim Hawkins, Jimmy Johnson, Assistant Engineer: Kent Bruce, Jeremy Stephens, This page was last edited on 26 July 2022, at 20:44. Species: He prepared food with a tracking-knife, cutting into histories and other possibilities. Jenkins died in 2006. [2] Jindy byly naopak mrtvoly popravench vystaveny veejn pro vstrahu a pozstal museli velitelm Tonton Macoutes platit vysok stky, aby jim bylo dovoleno sv pbuzn dn pohbt. 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971. Pfs Awards 2020, Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable ELIZABETH KNOWLES , allowing the flourishing drug trade of the time to establish a secure foothold in Haiti; a foothold that remains in place to this day. Nigel Robinson 2 Campaigns | Burbank, United States $550 USD 7 backers 110% of $500 Fixed Goal Follow Story FAQ Updates 5 Comments 0 Highlights 2 Projects Overview What if the boogeyman was real? Our proprietary software helps businesses connect to our Creator community through turnkey video contests and film challenges, and with AudPop`s Creator freelancer marketplace. My non-christian children still expect a visit from him. Killed a lot of people. The Tonton Macoutes: Legacy and Transformation. They did a lot of terrible things. I was born in Haiti during his era of terror and horror, reality was far from what he has proclaimed. Will Greece Be On Green List, When I was a child growing up in Haiti my mother would tell me tales of Tonton Macoute. Poet obt Tonton Macoutes se odhaduje na 30000 a 60000. After 1991, when Aristide was illegally forced to leave the presidency, the vestiges of the MVSN became known as "attachs," or savage groups of vigilantes attached to government security forces, or crooked political organizations which had the ability to use force against its foes. Its a standard story to scare children into behaving and one Jean-Claude is tired of hearing it, he's more concerned about friends and dating then being a good kid. Tonton Macoutes (properly Tonton-Makout or Tontonmakout, sing. He was our Boogeyman. Macoute was raised to believe in voodoo even before his induction; he would cook while the loa rode him and make the animals whose meat he consumed into part of him. You will enjoy your time here if you follow some basic rules. which was embodied by the Tonton Macoutes. Mrs Smith suddenly darted forward and seized the Tonton Macoute's shoulder. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). (LogOut/ He set out to answer the question that the world is askingWHY IS DUVALIER BACK IN HAITI?. "Gilded Splinters" gets "Ton-Ton Macoute!" Strnka byla naposledy editovna 19. (PROSE: Tonton Macoute), In the City of the Saved, Macoute's dietary options were limited. We Haitians cannot allow more parasites to feed off of our hard work, and rob us of our opportunities to rebuild our country. A Protestant in this predominantly Roman Catholic country, Desyr habitually dressed in a black suit and hat and peppered his speeches with quotations from the Bible. Islamic Center of Cleveland serves the largest Muslim community in Northeast Ohio. Where they went after this album (there's the suggestion they recorded four tracks for a follow-up which never appeared) is unknown at this time of writing. I have no idea how or when I came on this album secondhand but it would certainly have been in the late Seventies because I'd heard it at a party years before and recognised the cover. Those who were kidnapped, it was said, were never seen again. Only once did they have their own brush with the tonton macoutes. [6], http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/luckner-cambronne-418865.html, Sedition and Alchemy: A Biography of John Cale, http://www.irishmusicdaily.com/sinead-oconnor, http://www.haitiobserver.com/blog/tonton-macoutes-in-haiti-an-evil-legacy-of-the-duvalier-dyna.html, https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonton_Macoutes&oldid=22358265. L Occitane Almond Shower Oil, The immediate standout is the eight minute jazz track Don't Make Me Cry which is the lengthy centerpiece of the first side where Knowles unfurls a biting and tough sax solo over a classy organ groove before dreamy and oddly processed vocals enter. I do not think that the Tonton Macoute is related to the Italian blackshirts or to a computer software company, so linking it to the disambiguation page is not "relevant to the article". Od roku 1970 nesli oficiln nzev Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Dobrovolnick milice nrodn bezpenosti). Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. The Duvalier dynasty, in itself, was an autocratic, oppressive dictatorship at, ordered the murder or expulsion of anyone who stood against the government. Tonton Macoute Horror Movie 75 subscribers When teenager Jean-Claude is foolish enough to steal from his grandmother, he is hunted by Tonton Macoute, the Haitian Boogeyman he said he no. We certainly remember the neighbourhood pillaging and destruction carried out by his private enforcers, the TON TON MACOUTE. Change). Literature Lo nico en comn con un Tontn Macoute lo nico es que los dos se escriben con mayscula. Zastraovn, vydrn, muen a popravy bez soudu byly na dennm podku. White or transparent. It's likely the most familiar name on the 1971 debut album by British jazz-rockers Tonton Macoute isn't that of any band member or even engineer Martin Rushent (who went on to produce the Buzzcocks, Stranglers and Dr Feelgood among many others). [3], Ton-Ton Macoute! It's likely the most familiar name on the 1971 debut album by British jazz-rockers Tonton Macoute isn't that of any band member or even engineer Martin Rushent (who went on to produce the Buzzcocks, Stranglers and Dr Feelgood among many others). Original copies can go for around $50 or more. Sandlin would go on to engineer, mix and/or produce classic Allman Brothers discs like Eat a Peach, At Fillmore East and Brothers and Sisters., Johnny Jenkins sits on his front porch at his Macon, Ga. in 1996. Am correcting accordingly. I assume that you are new to Wikipedia. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale ( VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). TONTON MACOUTE: Boogeyman Horror Short Film When a foolish teenager steals from his grandmother, he is hunted by the Haitian Boogeyman. Kevintoronto 21:50, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC). Additionally, the Tonton Macoute's role as an anti-coup force meant that they began to replace both the police force and the military, making it so that when the Duvalier regime ended and the Tonton Macoutes were disarmed and disbanded, Haiti lacked any competent law enforcement agency, allowing the flourishing drug trade of the time to . Duvalier's private death squad Tonton Macoutes.video. I am a Christian, and I only spread goodness around me.. Human There is fiction in this somewhere. I never gave orders to kill anyone, Desyr told the court as spectators jeered. In 1970, the militia was officially renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, probably taking name from the homonymous Italian Fascist paramilitary organization ). Feeding you thoughts directly from my mind. Duane Allman's slide shines on a deliciously raw cover of "Rollin' Stone," the Muddy Waters song Rolling Stones previously copped for appellation. The 12-man jury found Desyr, 61, who also served under deposed President Jean-Claude (Baby Doc) Duvalier, guilty without extenuating circumstances of illegal arrest, jailing, torture and murder. In Haitian Creole mythology Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) was the name of a boogeyman who walked the streets after dark, and would kidnap children who stayed out too late. Please review Wikipedia:No personal attacks, particularly the part that asks you to: I also refer to Wikipedia:Staying cool when the editing gets hot again: If you take a look at my user page, you will see that I have created and contributed to a large numbers of articles in order to build Wikipedia into a better encyclopedia. Its violent legacy is maintained into the modern era by groups such as the FRAPH, threatening to tip the country back towards the police state of the Duvalier regime. ), a Haitian term that describes an old folktale character (Uncle Knapsack) who snatches children into a knapsack or basket (makout) and often eats them alive.In the late 1950s, Haitians applied this term to the masked goons working for Franois Duvalier's secret police, a Shop high-quality unique Boogeyman T-Shirts designed and sold by artists. Growing up, I was terrified of being carried away for Uncle Gunnysacks breakfast. It was that of the sleeve designer. Ton-Ton Macoute! Boogeymen are invented to encourage children to behave. He ate the loa, and then he walked out of the cyclone. If they are relevant, then it would make sense to link directly to those articles, instead of to the disambiguation page, e.g., "The Tonton macoute were more formally known as the Milice volontaire de securite nationale (MVSN - not to be confused with the Italian Blackshirts or the Macrovision software company that have the same initials).". Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Whats the matter with Portland? Finally, its violent and passionate acts never truly ended, and are carried on by other groups like the FRAPH, who kill political opponents and opposition leaders. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. is the 1970 debut solo album of American blues musician Johnny Jenkins. In Haitian Creole mythology Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) was the name of a boogeyman who walked the streets after dark, and would kidnap children who stayed out too late. [1], In Haitian Creole, Ton-Ton Macoute means "bogeyman" (literally: This freed them to commit various acts of total brutality against the nation and its people that would heavily influence the fate of Haiti through its rule of fear, its effect on the drug trade, and its almost total destruction of the countrys intellectual resources. In order to try to avert a revert war, I made the change again, and provided a detailed explanation on the Talk page. Necromancy: Uncle Gunnysack is They did a lot of terrible things. Change), You are commenting using your Google account. Tonton Macoutes se nedili dnmi zkony, byli odpovdn pouze Duvalierovi. Another salient characteristic of the Boogeyman is that he carries a sack with which to kidnap children who misbehave. We tap into our Premium and Pro Creators to make the best video content and branded films that resonate with an audience. A little background, courtesy of Wikipedia, Ex-dictator back in Haiti | Dear Kitty. In the Haitian mythology, the bogeyman walked in the dark streets at . Buy Petro Coin, Jenkins then appeared on two Redding albums, playing guitar, before releasing his solo debut. The bones of House Military soldiers ground into paste. hrw.org AudPop is the global video platform that provides businesses video as a service for the high-quality, authentic custom video that they need. Tonton Macoute. I have not forgotten, we have not forgotten; lets make sure that world remembers who we are The First Independent Black Republic of the world. In Haiti nearly 50% of the population is under the age of 21 years old. 54 relations. Frankly his cover isn't up to much a surreal juxtaposition of odd objects like a tap from a tree and a bassinet on the back cover, on a lake and was far from his finest work. Tonton Macoute was a chef, and a member of Faction Paradox. Tonton Macoute Lyrics: Come on to Haiti, you don't need a treaty / Papa Doc will do you OK / Tonton in the sun, he's polishing his gun / You'd better just stay out of his way / If you turn a . So I'm glad to have it, unless Mike Jones who wrote his name on the back is desperate to have it back. Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii. [1] Jenkins had previously led The Pinetoppers, a band which at one time featured Otis Redding. I've removed the section from the article and placed it below. Scholarship Fund This album is not on Spotify but you can hear it here on You Tube. Tonton Macoute ,Tonton MacouteTonton Macoutemp4Tonton MacouteBT . An unusual choice of band name for a short-lived group this was their sole album which parlayed a kind of jazz-rock with progressive tendencies (Natural High on the second side is a two-part piece with sorta-scat singing). Shootings, theft and other crime test citys progressive strain, Latinx Files: In praise of Jenna Ortega, Aubrey Plaza and moody, deadpan Latinas, Arizona governor wont proceed with execution set by court, Civilians flee embattled town of Bakhmut as Ukrainian pullout looms. 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill after the read more View all tracks Tonton Macoute Desyr was a close ally of the elder Duvalier and remained as chief of the secret police until 1980, when the son removed him for opposing his marriage to Michele Bennett, a divorcee. Tonton Macoute "Throughout the town the word was out that former army . . Also, the rampant killings caused much of the nations educated citizens to flee the country, depriving Haiti of the material to rebuild a just and operable society. The force was created in 1959, only two years after Franois Duvalier became president, due to the threat the dictator perceived from the regular armed forces. Third track "Blind Bats and Swamp Rats" drips with vibe. Tonton Macoutes was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by President Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier.In 1970, the militia was renamed Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers , MVSN) [1].. Haitians called this force the "Tonton Macoutes," after the Haitian Creole mythological Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) bogeyman who kidnaps . Preceding unsigned comment added by Wozthewise (talk contribs) 23:31, 30 May 2013 (UTC), -Arcayne (cast a spell) 04:14, 28 March 2008 (UTC), In French, the plural of tonton macoute is tontons macoutes , which is both regular, with both components showing the plural (when they are a part of speech that has a plural form, as here), and specifically attested by the Petit Robert dictionary. All rights reserved. By adding the large amount of content that I have, I have demonstrated that, like you, I am here to share knowledge, not to create personal play thing. - Johnny Jenkins | Songs, Reviews, Credits", Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies, "Ton-Ton Macoute! We are still hanging on to the hope that one day we can travel back home freely, however we are still facing many existing and new roadblocks. (Fromhaitilibre.com), My sympathies go to the millions of my partisans (TON TON MACOUTE) after my voluntary exile from Haiti to avoid a blood bath and for a fast resolution of the political crisis of 1986. WatchingThe Serpent & the RainbowI was reminded of the Tonton Macoute,a paramilitary group favored by Haitian dictators Francois Papa Doc Duvalier and his son, Jean-Claude Baby Doc Duvalier. He also used it on himself, making cuts that let in parts of other versions of him and healed with alternate-scars. That during >Readmore, HomeMusic at ElsewhereAbsolute ElsewhereThe Album ConsideredFavourite Five Recent ReleasesAbsurd ElsewhereWE NEED TO TALK ABOUT . Desyr was jailed Feb. 25, after an angry mob at Port-au-Princes international airport stopped him from leaving the country three weeks after Jean-Claude Duvalier fled to exile in France. Ton-Ton Macoute! According to Sandlins widow, Ann Sandlin, Duane (Allman) started an album in Muscle Shoals, but Phil (Walden, Capricorn Records co-founder), bought out Duanes contract from (FAME Studios producer) Rick Hall and the two or three tracks that were cut (in Muscle Shoals) were used in the Ton-Ton Macoute! album., Decatur native Johnny Sandlin was the LPs record-producer. - Johnny Jenkins | Credits", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ton-Ton_Macoute!&oldid=1100615440, "Blind Bats & Swamp Rats" (Jackie Avery) - 4:44, Johnny Jenkins - vocals, guitar (4), harmonica (2, 6, 7, 8), foot stomping (4), lead guitar (10, 11), Southern Comfort - vocals (1, 9) - a group that included. Please read up a bit on our project before you start making edits. Terms of Service. The Bogeyman (also spelled boogyman, bogyman, boogieman, boogey monster, or boogeyman) is a folkloric or legendary ghost-like butterflies The bogeyman has no specific appearance, and conceptions of the monster can vary drastically even from household to household within the same community; in many cases he simply has no set appearance in the mind of a child, but is After the July 1958 Haitian coup d'tat attempt against President Franois Duvalier, he purged the army and law enforcement agencies in Haiti and executed numerous officers as he perceived them as a threat to his regime. THE BOOGIEMAN- Jean Claude Duvalier: Self proclaimed president for life and ex-leader of Haiti's death squad Tonton macoute, Friday the Boogeyman finally spoke during a long awaited press conference. if you misbehave and tease the Haitian boogeyman, Tonton Macoute will find you, take you away and eat. Execution in Haiti is generally by shooting. I can't comment regarding other "popular culture" references, but the lyrics to the Plant song are easily Googled as well as being printed in the CD booklet. During the Duvalier regime, the cruel and brutal secret police force called the MVSN aka the Tonton Macoutes (after a mythological boogeyman) enacted a reign of terror over the nation of Haiti for over twenty five years without governmental accountability or moral qualms. They managed one album in 1971 on RCA's Neon subsidiary, a label that also included Spring, Indian Summer, Centipede, Raw Material and others. Unique Tonton Macoute stickers featuring millions of original designs created and sold by independent artists. (LogOut/ The Tonton Macoute (Tonton Makout) or simply as the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. In Haiti: Security Security, commonly known as the Tontons Macoutes (a Haitian Creole phrase meaning "bogeymen"); the group was formally disbanded in 1986, but its members continued to terrorize the populace. The sentence was announced at 4:20 a.m. at the end of an 18-hour trial at the Palais of Justice that was carried live on television. I made my original change because I did not believe that it was consistent with Wikipedia style for the reasons I set out below. I refer you to Manual of Syle:Links: The purpose of free links is to allow readers to easily and conveniently follow their curiosity or research to other articles. .Art by ElsewhereThe Famous Elsewhere QuestionnairePersonal ElsewhereEssential ElsewhereFrom the VaultsFurther OutwhereEPs by Yasmin BrownOther Voices, Other RoomsMy Back PagesLive reviews + concert photosThe Bargain BuyHi-Fi VinylJazz at ElsewhereBlues at ElsewhereWorld Music from ElsewhereReggae at ElsewhereFilm at ElsewhereWriting at ElsewhereCultural ElsewhereImages from ElsewhereTravel Books by Elsewhere's Graham ReidTravels in ElsewhereWindows on ElsewhereSomething ElsewhereWall-Art from ElsewhereRecipes from ElsewhereEPs by Shani.OGraham ReidContactLinks to Somewhere elseTagsSubscribeSitemap, THE BATS REISSUED (2014): A timeless flight, BURN YOUR BRIDGES.